Human Trafficking Is The Modern Day Slavery - 1925 Words

According to the U.S. State Department, 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders every year. More than 70% are female and half are children (1). Human trafficking is now the modern-day slavery, where the victims involved are forced, intimidated and mislead into labor and sexual exploitation. Most human trafficking victims are lured into the trade by untrue possibilities made about job opportunities a good life that s better than the one they live. Also many women from third world countries are tricked into this trade with the bait of false marriages. Furthermore, many of the victims are forced either directly with violence or indirectly with psychological blackmail into the trade. Human Trafficking is a worldwide issue people must stand up and fight against the traffickers and the issue itself needs to be brought to the attention of everyone, make a plan to stop trafficking of humans, and aid the victims. The effect of human trafficking is disturbing and even though the impact of it is faced by the victims; people globally suffer as a whole. But at the same time there are many ways to stop human trafficking and it is important to get involved and be a voice for those who have none. There are three ways a person can be lured into trafficking. First a man who controls prostitutes and arranges clients for them, taking part of their earnings in return known as a pimp targets any young child or a woman who is vulnerable, insecure and has a deep needShow MoreRelatedModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every yearRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1244 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millionsRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of criminal justice, and is known as the modern day slavery. This paper will also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. ThisRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Modern Day Slavery Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking There is an ever growing problem that is coursing the world. Every day 3,287 people are sold or kidnapped, and are forced into slavery. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) Most people do not realize that modern-day slavery happens closer to home than they think. 14,000-17,500 is the estimated number of people trafficked into the United States each year. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) The government has tried to reduce this problem as well as everyday peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1604 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many people do not see it happening, but in fact it is happeningRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1531 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is modern day slavery that occurs with both genders of all ages. Human trafficking occurs mostly in poorer countries like Asia, and Eastern Europe and isn t solely sexual slavery; the victims can be used for labor purposes also. Organizations like Shared Hope International and Coalition Against Trafficking in Women fight to rescue the victims of human trafficking. These organizations spread the dangers of hum an trafficking through education and public awareness. Often times traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1228 Words   |  5 Pages Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millions of men and woman andRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Modern Day Slavery961 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish IV Nov. 23 2015 How to Stop Trafficking Women are not the only ones being sold today. Man are not the only ones selling humans today. All different kinds of humans are being sold in something called human trafficking. Human trafficking has become a problem worldwide and is effecting all people male, female, children, LGBT. There are many solutions, one of them is to educate the children at a younger age. Human trafficking is like a modern day slavery. The people being sold are forced inRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1732 Words   |  7 PagesHaley Gooding Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 6 April 2017 Human Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1210 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking Imagine being able to own a business and make nothing but profit. One of the types of trafficking is Labor Trafficking, which helps keep prices cheaper by having cheap workers. If companies do not have people working in factories for very little then a lot of prices would go up crazy like on clothing and furniture. A lot of countries economy are built off sex trafficking which helps the economy significantly. The ongoing â€Å"phenomenon† of human trafficking is not a problem

The s Theory Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem - 1438 Words

In 1948, six Arab nations had attacked the newly declared state of Israel. While many propose ideas why this war has occurred, both of us have come up with our own viable theories. We believe that this war is in relations to Benny Morris s theory of a Jihadist war, Efraim Karsh’s theory of the Palestinian Refugee Problem and Elitist control, and our negotiated theory based on British involvement in Palestine. Benny Morris insists that the War of 1948 was a Jihad: a Holy war. He states that this is one of the reasons for why this war happened, and why they have still not reached peace, or some sort of compromise. Before the 1948 war, Jews were slowly buying land from local Muslims. This was, however, illegal according to the Islamic government. In my opinion, buying land from the muslims was a viable and legal way to obtain land, and should be recognized as so. However, the Arabs were outraged that the Jews came and â€Å"stole† land from them. Both the Arabs and the Jews had ties to this land religiously, all sharing landmarks there that signified something to their people. Because this conflict was religious, no compromises could be reached. This led Benny Morris to believe that although the war was influenced by territorial reasons, it was first and foremost an Islamic Holy War. Benny Morris uncovered British Unclassified documents that stated the Arabs â€Å"calling Jihad on t he Jewish People.† Before the UN voted, the Arabs told them that â€Å"their beloved country will be drenchedShow MoreRelatedEnglish Language Education : A Means Of Liberation And A Passport From The Gateway Of Prosperity1692 Words   |  7 Pagesearly marriages in a tribal society. Palestinian refugees value English education as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the gateway of prosperity. It will be worthwhile to investigate if English language education liberated them and how it influenced their lives in the previous years, especially females. On the other hand, Palestinian refugees in Syria learn all lessons in Arabic and start French in later stages, while in Lebanon and Jordan refugee camps they learn English subject fromRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Jews And The Middle East1347 Words   |  6 Pagesblessing that is often taken for granted. Unfortunately, The conflict between the Jews and Palestinians still has not reached this peace. this is due to many factors. Ever since the the 1948 war, acts of terrorism and destruction have happened on both sides. This war left the Palestinians with no homeland, creating the Palestinian Refugee problem. This and other factors (such as the Peel Commission), left the Palestinians distraught and Angry. Suicide bombing played a major role in these acts of revengeRead MoreThe Learning Theories Of English Language Education1988 Words   |  8 Pages This qualitative study is designed to answer the following primary question: What are the learning theories of English language education that are used in the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Jordan and Israel? This question will branch into the following three secondary questions: 1- What are the sociocultural and socio- economic, gender, literacy, political conflict, religion, race, political stability, religion, sexual identity aspects and their influence in English language education in an extraRead MoreThe Central Problems Of International Politics1721 Words   |  7 Pagesne of the central problems of international politics is that of cooperation or lack of cooperation. Though, cooperation is not always possible or a welcome idea when it comes to states making decisions. Creating and claiming value are two of the most fundamental aspects of negotiation strategy that exist, but there is tension with one another. In any negotiation, the delegates need to decide which course of action to take whether that be competitive, cooperative, or some of both. David Lax andRead MoreNonviolent Actions That Could Leapfrog Current Issues Perpetuating The Israel Palestine Conflict2587 Words   |  11 Pagesbarriers to reconciliation, then employing principles of Constructivist theory [1], explore harnessing and coordinating the potential of creativity and technology, as well as the influence and goodwill of social media. I conclude that this environment can lead to achievable options providing Israel security and defuse its dominance over Palestine with two independent states [2]. Contemporary outsiders consider Israel and Palestine s bleak circumstance with fatigue, apathy and lack commitment to supportRead MoreIsrael Palestine Conflict, an International Relations Research Paper8755 Words   |  36 Pagesdetailed description. The paper also attempts to find the bones of contention between the two peoples, clearly laying out the issues and problems along with the need to resolve them. Finally, the paper analyses the two mainstream solutions suggested for resolution of this conflict, being the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Two-Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ theory and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bi-National Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ theory. IR theories of Realism and Liberalism are used to broadly analyse these two solutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ applicability in the particular conflict. The practical difficultiesRead More Arab Israeli Conflict Essays3271 Words   |  14 Pagesearly 1900s for control of Palestine. The historic and desirable region, which has varied greatly since ancient times, is situated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean in southwestern Asia. The strategic importance of the area is immense. Through it pass the main roads from Egypt to Syria and from the Mediterranean to the hills beyond the Jordan River. Palestine is now largely divided between Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories, parts of which are self-administered by Palestinians. The ongoingRead MoreEssay The Ara b Israeli Conflict2107 Words   |  9 PagesThe Arab Israeli Conflict For the past 70 years, there have been many events which are important to study when we consider their impact on todays stalemate between the Palestinians and the Israelis, but two of the most important to examine in great depth is the Creation of Israel in 1948, and the Six Day War in 1967. Both events have contributed to the four main barriers to peace, which I will explain towards the end of my coursework, and have changed the leadershipRead MoreAn International Organization That Uses Play As A Tool For Educate And Empower Children And Youth3031 Words   |  13 PagesPlay s programs are facilitated by about 16400 local volunteer coaches and more than 650 international staff. [1] It is headquartered in Toronto, Canada and has six national offices in Canada, the United States, Norway, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It has regional offices in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, East and Southern Africa, West and Francophone Africa, and Latin America. The organization is active is more than 20 countries including the Palestinian territoriesRead MoreEvolution Of The Islamic State8537 Words   |  35 Pagesorganization, and has the potential to coalesce into an integrated one in the future. Finally, ISIS shares several key similarities and differences with notable Islamic political organizations and insurgent networks of the past few to include the Palestinian Hamas and the Afghan Taliban. To properly analyze these factors of development, relevant theoretical framework will be highlighted including insurgent cohesion and development, alliance formation in civil wars and the factors determining levels

Energy Conservation in Transport Free Essays

string(70) " are available and how they can be refined expeditiously into a fuel\." 1.3 Transportation system Transportation is another sector that has increased its comparative portion of primary energy. This sector has serious concerns as it is a important beginning of CO2 emanations and other airborne pollutants, and it is about wholly based on oil as its energy beginning ( Figure 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Conservation in Transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 ; Kreith, West, and Isler 2002 ) . In 2002, the transit sector accounted for 21 % of all CO2 emanations worldwide. An of import facet of future alterations in transit depends on what happens to the available oil resources, production and monetary values. At present, 95 % of all energy for transit comes from oil. As explained subsequently in this chapter, irrespective of the existent sum of oil staying in the land, oil production will top out shortly. Therefore, the demand for careful planning for an orderly passage off from oil as the primary transit fuel is pressing. An obvious replacing for oil would be biofuels such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, biodiesel, and biogases. Some believe that H is another option, because if it could be produced economically from RE beginnings or atomic energy, it could supply a clean transit option for the hereafter. Some have claimed H to be a â€Å"wonder fuel† and hold proposed a â€Å"hydrogen-based economy† to replace the present carbon-based economic system ( Veziroglu and Barbir 1992 ) . However, others ( Shinnar 2003 ; Kreith and West 2004 ; Mazza and Hammerschlag 2005 ) difference this claim based on the deficiency of substructure, jobs with storage and safety, and the lower efficiency of H vehicles as compared to plug-in intercrossed or to the full electric vehicles ( West and Kreith 2006 ) . Already hybrid-electric cars are going popular around the universe as crude oil becomes more expensive. The environmental benefits of renewable biofuels could be increased by utilizing plug-in intercrossed electric vehicles ( PHEVs ) . These autos and trucks combine internal burning engines with electric motors to 0 20 40 60 80 100 1971 1980 1990 2002 Percentage Share of conveyance in planetary oil demand Share of oil in conveyance energy demand FIGURE 1.5 Share of conveyance in planetary oil demand and portion of oil in conveyance energy demand. ( Data and prognosis from IEA, World Energy Outlook, IEA, Paris, 2004. With permission. ) Global Energy System 1-5 maximise fuel efficiency. PHEVs have more battery capacity that can be recharged by stop uping it into a regular electric mercantile establishment. Then these vehicles can run on electricity entirely for comparatively short trips. The electric-only trip length is denoted by a figure, for example, PHEV 20 can run on battery charge for 20 stat mis. When the battery charge is used up, the engine begins to power the vehicle. The intercrossed combination reduces gasolene ingestion appreciably. Whereas the conventional vehicle fleet has a fuel economic system of about 22 mpg, loanblends such as the Toyota Prius can achieve about 50 mpg. PHEV 20s have been shown to attain every bit much as 100 mpg. Gasoline usage can be decreased even further if the burning engine runs on biofuel blends, such as E85, a mixture of 15 % gasolene and 85 % ethyl alcohol ( Kreith 2006 ; West and Kreith 2006 ) . Plug-in intercrossed electric engineering is already available and could be realized instantly without farther R A ; D. Furthermore, a big part of the electric coevals substructure, peculiarly in developed states, is needed merely at the clip of peak demand ( 60 % in the United States ) , and the remainder is available at other times. Hence, if batteries of PHEVs were charged during off-peak hours, no new coevals capacity would be required. Furthermore, this attack would levelize the electric burden and cut down the mean cost of electricity, harmonizing to a survey by the Electric Power Research Institute ( EPRI ) ( Sanna 2005 ) . Given the potency of PHEVs, EPRI ( EPRI 2004 ) conducted a large-scale analysis of the cost, battery demands, economic fight of plug-in vehicles today and in the hereafter. As shown by West and Kreith, the net present value of lifecycle costs over 10 old ages for PHEVs with a 20-mile electric-only scope ( PHEV20 ) is less than that of a similar conventional vehicle ( West and Kreith 2006 ) . Furthermore, presently available Ni metal hydride ( NiMH ) batteries are already able to run into needed cost and public presentation specifications. More advanced batteries, such as lithium-ion ( Li-ion ) batteries, may better the economic sciences of PHEVs even further in the hereafter. 7.5.4 Transportation Energy Consumption Energy ingestion in the transit sector is projected to turn at an mean one-year rate of 1.7 % between 2003 and 2025 in the projection, making 39.4 quadrillion Btu in 2025. The growing in transit energy demand is mostly driven by the increasing personal disposable income, projected to turn yearly at approximately 3 % , consumer penchants for driving larger autos with more HP, and an addition in the portion of visible radiation trucks and athleticss public-service corporation vehicles that make up lightduty vehicles. Entire vehicle stat mis traveled by light-duty vehicles is projected to increase at an one-year rate of 2 % between 2003 and 2025 because of the addition in personal disposable income and other demographic factors. 8.1 Introduction This chapter presents tendencies in land usage, cargo, ground-transportation manners for people and cargo, transit fuel supply, and the chances for preservation that exist within each country. The chapter starts with a treatment of the transportation–land usage relationship for a better apprehension of the model within which the transit system maps and the design theories that purpose to influence manner pick and trip coevals. Next is a description of mass theodolite, with peculiar accent on how its energy usage compares to the energy usage of the car. The motion of cargo, its manners, and energy ingestion relation to the remainder of the transit system follows. Then, emerging hereafter engineerings are described ; the focal point of this subdivision is on vehicle efficiencies to conserve energy resources. Finally, the well-to-wheel energy analysis uniting fuel production and vehicle public presentation is presented, concentrating on what feedstocks are available and how they can be refined expeditiously into a fuel. You read "Energy Conservation in Transport" in category "Essay examples" 8.2 Land Use 8.2.1 Land Use and Its Relationship to Transportation There is a cardinal relationship between transit and land usage, because the distance between one’s beginning and finish will find the feasibleness, path, manner, cost, and clip necessary to go from one topographic point to another. Likewise, transit influences land usage as it impacts people’s determinations approximately where to populate and work, sing factors such as commute clip and cost, the distance to a quality school for a family’s kids, the safety and convenience of the paths to school, work, activities, and entree to goods and services. The best chance for preservation in transit Begins with the transportation–land usage relationship. An energy-efficient transit system feats and integrates all manners instead than merely the main road. However, current land usage ordinances, codifications, and development tendencies are designed entirely for the single-occupant vehicle ( SOV ) and do non expeditiously back up other travel options. A more balanced system that incorporates mass theodolite, walking, bicycling, and other options would be more energy-efficient. These manners are less energy intensive and would cut down traffic congestion, vehicle idleness, and inefficient stop-and-go traffic. However, land usage must be designed for multimodal motion for such a balanced system to be realized. Land usage and the population in the U.S. have become more decentralised over clip ( see Figure 8.1 ) . The distribution of land utilizations into residential, commercial, and concern countries increases the distances between the many day-to-day necessities of life so that walking and bicycling are either impracticable or insecure ; it besides makes mass theodolite inefficient because Michigans would be required to function each individual’s needs. Therefore, personal vehicles are the most convenient and most widely chosen manner of transit for day-to-day travel demands given the type of development most normally used in the U.S. A more systemsoriented attack, incorporating prosaic, bike, car, and mass-transit webs within a higher-density developmental construction would be more energy-efficient, but this state of affairs is non the norm in the U.S. today. 8.3 Alternate Transportation system: Mass Transit The efficiency of mass-transit service typically decreases with the denseness of land utilizations. However, denseness is non the individual factor finding the success or failure of a theodolite system. Vuchic ( 1999 ) notes the success of the theodolite webs in fanned countries of San Francisco, Washington, Montreal, Calgary, and peculiarly the suburbs of Philadelphia ( with a lower population denseness than that of Los Angeles: 3500 people per square stat mi ) . Many contrivers and designers suggest a â€Å"hierarchy† of manners instead than the individual manner system that dominates most countries: at the base is a web of bicycle- and pedestrianfriendly streets that support the local coach system, which in bend feeds a regional theodolite web. As each constituent relies on the others, their integrating is indispensable for transit’s success ( Calthorpe and Fulton 2001 ) . Furthermore, â€Å"the balance between auto and theodolite usage in cardinal metropoliss is strongly influenced by the character of the country ( its physical design, organisation of infinite, and types of development ) and by the comparative convenience and attraction of the two systems† ( Vuchic 1999 ) . 10. Narrow streets 9. Traffic volumes 8. Sidewalks 7. Street trees 6. Interconnected streets 5. On-street parking 4. Lower traffic velocities 3. Mixed land usage 2. Buildings looking the street 1. Small block size FIGURE 8.3 Top 10 walkability factors. ( From Hall, R. , Walkable thoroughfares through balanced design. Presentation at The Nuts A ; Bolts of Traditional Neighborhood Development Conference, Richmond, VA, 2005. ) Several different types of theodolite exist to function the demands of the populace. â€Å"Demand response† describes the paratransit manner, by which a rider calls a starter who sends the theodolite vehicle ( a bird coach or cab ) to the passenger’s door and delivers her to her finish. Commuter rail denotes regional rail operating between a metropolis and its suburban countries ; light rail implies one or two autos utilizing overhead electricity as a power beginning and operating within a metropolis, frequently sharing the streets with cars ; heavy rail operates at high velocities within a separate right-of-way. Bus rapid theodolite ( BRT ) is deriving popularity as a system that grants buses their ain right-of-way so that they do non acquire caught in traffic congestion. BRT operates parallel to the street, such as in the median between travel lanes or in an sole bus-only lane ( see Figure 8.4 ) , and depending on the system, may besides acquire prioritization at traffic signals so that upon attack, the light bends green and the coach will non hold to wait at a ruddy visible radiation. Table 8.3 summarizes the features of each manner. Table 8.4 illustrates what percentages of the theodolite fleets use alternate fuels ( i.e. , fuels other than the conventionally used gasolene ) . The factors that determine what manner and what engineering are best for a given theodolite system include: †  The handiness of a separate right-of-way †  The distance between/frequency of Michigans ( i.e. , will it be regional, express or local service? ) †  The denseness of the environing country ( to find at what speeds the vehicle can safely go ) †  Expected rider volumes †  Size of the metropolis being served A separate right-of-way is non dependent on the bing conditions of the street web and provides great dependability ( since there are no traffice congestion holds ) , high velocity, short trip times, and overall convenience for riders. The potency of mass theodolite to conserve energy is a big, untapped resource. Table 8.5 illustrates how much fuel could be saved by one individual exchanging to mass theodolite for their day-to-day commute to work. The ground for mass transit’s high efficiency is its energy strength, which is a consequence of the burden factor of each vehicle. Table 8.6 provides passenger travel and energy usage informations for 2002, while Figure 8.5 provides the theodolite manner split on a passenger-mile footing ( i.e. , the distribution of travel on each manner per rider per stat mi ) . Mass transit’s efficiency could surely be much higher compared to cars if more riders used it and increased its burden factor ( Greene and Schafer 2003 ) . FIGURE 8.4 BRT exposure. ( From U.S. General Accounting Office ( GAO ) , Mass Transit: Bus Rapid Transit Shows Promise, GAO-01-984, Washington, DC, 2001. ) How to cite Energy Conservation in Transport, Essay examples

Entertainment Essay Example For Students

Entertainment Essay It can be an idea or a tasks but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audiences attention, Although peoples attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognizable and familiar, Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forlorn and over time became available to all citizens. The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry which records and sells entertainment products, Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products; to a banquet adapted for two; to any size or type of party, with appropriate music and dance; to performances intended for thousands; and en for a global audience. CONCERT TICKETS: A concert is a live performance (typically of music) before an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band. Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, entertainment centers and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or Amphitheatre concerts. Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment. Before recorded music, concerts would provide the only opportunity one would generally have to hear musicians play. Informal names for a concert include show and gig. The music tooth United States reflects the countrys multi- ethnic population through a diverse array of Among the countrys most internationally-renowned genres are hip hop, blues, country, rhythm and blues, jazz, barbershop, pop, techno, and rock and roll. Some tips help you when buying concert tickets. Firstly if its a hot band or artist, chances are tickets will sell out VERY SOON. Therefore, its important for you to buy tickets ahead of time. Then find out the venue and if its familiar so youll know where the best seating locations are and compare prices and get the best deal. Confirm your reined or companion plans early if he go. You look for the concert ticket broker. This is usually the best ticket seller youll find. The broker can provide a seating chart and availability, and if youre purchasing 10 or more tickets you can ask for a discount that is normally not Offered at ticket box Offices. Never buy from scalpers lurking at the concert gates. They can charge you double or triple the price, and you can never be sure if you may be scammed by having bought tickets that are not valid for entry to the concert. MOVIE TICKETS: A movie or motion picture, is a series of still images on a strip of plastic which, hen run through a projector and shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images, A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects. The process of film making is both an art and an industry A movie theater (also called a cinema, movie house, film house, and film theater or picture house) is a venue, usually a building, for viewing filer Most but not all movie theaters are immemorial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing a ticket. The movie is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium. Most movie theaters are now equipped for digital cinema projection, removing the need to create and transport a physical film print. .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .postImageUrl , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:hover , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:visited , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:active { border:0!important; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:active , .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e32edbec3de2ed87ae0063ecef1589f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood EssayIn order to obtain admission too movie theater, the prospective theater-gore must usually purchase a ticket, Which may be for an arbitrary seat (open or free seating, first-come. First-served) or for a specific one. Movie theaters in North America generally have open seating. In 2010, the average price for a movie ticket in the united States was $7. 89. The price of a ticket may be discounted during off-peak times e. G. For matinà ©es, and higher at busy times, typically evenings and/or weekends. In the united States, many movie theater chains sell discounted passes, which can be exchanged for tickets to regular showings. SPORTS TICKET: Sport is all forms of competitive physical activity which through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and provide entertainment to participants, Hundreds passports exist, from those squiring only two participants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals. Sports are an important part of the culture of the United States. The nations four most popular team sports all developed in North America: American football, baseball, basketball and ice hockey. The four Major leagues in the united States are the National Basketball Association (NAB), National Football League (NELL), Major League Baseball (ML), the National Hockey League (NIL); all enjoy massive media exposure and are considered the preeminent competitions in their respective sports in the world. Professional teams in all major sports operate as franchises Within a league. All major sports leagues use the same type Of schedule With a playoff tournament after the regular season ends. In addition to the major league-level organizations, several sports also have professional minor leagues. Sports are particularly associated with education in the united States, with most high schools and universities having organized sports. College sports competitions play an important role in the American sporting culture. In many cases college athletics are more popular than professional sports, with the major sanctioning body being the NCAA. Purchasing sports tickets can either be a very easy situation or become an unbarring ordeal. Much depends on how well the team is playing, the match up for the game and what part of the season it is. To course getting tickets tort a bad match up when your team is well below five hundred at the end of the season is a lot easier than getting tickets to the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees in game seven fighting it out for the division title and a spot in the World Series. Such great and classic match ups as the example above are what makes sports so entertaining and for fans the supply and demand factors of tickets become a major factor, VIDEO GAME RENTALS: A Video game is an electronic game that involves human interaction With a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The overdo video in video game traditionally referred to a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, but it now implies any type of display device that can produce two or three dimensional images. The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms: examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld devices. Specialized video games such as arcade games, while previously common, have radically declined in use. Video games have gone on to become an art form and industry. The input device used to manipulate video games is called a game controller, and varies across platforms. For example, a controller might consist of only a button and a joystick. While another may feature a dozen buttons and one or more joysticks. Early personal computer games often needed a keyboard tort game play, or more commonly, required the user to buy a separate joystick with at least one button. Many modern computer games allow or require the player to use a keyboard and a mouse simultaneously, A few of the most common game intercooler are game pads, mousses, keyboards, and joysticks. .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .postImageUrl , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:hover , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:visited , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:active { border:0!important; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:active , .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued321b2a515bc622477c46d54b240f9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Informative: Punk rock EssayPeople do not love the idea of purchasing DVDs overtime they want to watch movies from their home. Most people will prefer to rent a video if they want to watch movies from their home It will save you many and enjoy vast sources of video games also. VIDEO RENTALS: Video rental is the system of renting films on video or DVD for a period of time in exchange for payment. A video rental shop is a brick and mortar business that rents home videos. Typically, a rental shop conducts business With customers under conditions and terms agreed upon in a rental agreement or contract, Which may be implied, explicit, or written. Typically, a customer must sign up for an account with the shop and give billing information like a credit card number. If items are returned late, the shop usually charges late fees, Which typically accumulate day by day. Some shops now have policies where instead of late fees, they will treat overdue items as a sale after a certain date, and charge a price equivalent to a standard sale of that object (with appropriate deductions for the rental fee already paid and for its pre-opened condition). While video rental stores primarily offer movies, many also offer music or video games.

Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde Essays -

Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde In the early chapters of The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, we are introduced to a young and na?ve character, Dorian Gray. Wildes descriptions of the young man create a picture of an innocent yet easily influenced Dorian, who is just beginning to learn what the adult world is all about. He is happy and handsome, yet when he is introduced to Lord Henry, he begins to experiment a little bit more on the side of sin. He becomes obsessed with youth and beauty, and he says that he would give everything, even [his] very soul to remain attractive and young. After this declaration, the reader is introduced to a changed Dorian Gray and his new philosophies about life, which begin to sound a lot like Lord Henrys thoughts. Dorian falls in love, and then he breaks a girls heart, causing her to end her life. His beautiful portrait begins to alter, and to keep others from witnessing this, he locks the picture away. At this point in the novel, the reader is brought forward in time, and Dorian is now closer to middle age. Oscar Wilde uses very dark words to set a dreary mood and also a very different sort of image than from the beginning of he novel. Dorians life over the past years is described in detail, marking his drastic change and the hold the Devil has over him. It appears that Dorians conscience and his very soul have left his body forever, leaving him a sinful and very conceited person. People despise him, and some even leave a room when he enters. It is very clear that Dorian Gray has morphed into someone who is his opposite from earlier in his life. The rest of the novel has the same eerie tone and feeling to it. Oscar Wilde makes the reader feel utter despair, because it seems that Dorian has changed far too much to be able to change for the better. Near the end, hope seems to surface, only to disappear into sadness when Wilde has Dorian stab the painting, therefore stabbing his very soul, and killing himself. Book Reports

Quipu - South Americas Undeciphered Writing System

Quipu - South Americas Undeciphered Writing System Quipu is the Spanish form of the Inca (Quechua language) word khipu (also spelled quipo), a unique form of ancient communication and information storage used by the Inca Empire, their competition and their predecessors in South America. Scholars believe that quipus record information in the same way as a cuneiform tablet or a painted symbol on papyrus do. But rather than using painted or impressed symbols to convey a message, the ideas in quipus are expressed by colors and knot patterns, cord twist directions and directionality, in cotton and wool threads. The first western report of quipus was from the Spanish conquistadors including Francisco Pizarro and the clerics who attended him. According to Spanish records, quipus were kept and maintained by specialists (called quipucamayocs or khipukamayuq), and shamans who trained for years to master the intricacies of the multi-layered codes. This was not a technology shared by everyone in the Inca community. According to 16th-century historians such as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, quipus  were carried throughout the empire by relay riders, called chasquis, who brought the coded information along the Inca road system, keeping the Inca rulers up to date with the news around their far-flung empire. The Spanish destroyed thousands of quipus in the 16th century. An estimated 600 remain today, stored in museums, found in recent excavations, or preserved in local Andean communities. Quipu Meaning Although the process of deciphering the quipu system is still just beginning, scholars surmise (at least) that information is stored in cord color, cord length, knot type, knot location, and cord twist direction. Quipu cords are often plaited in combined colors like a barber pole; cords sometimes have single threads of distinctively dyed cotton or wool woven in. Cords are connected mostly from a single horizontal strand, but on some elaborate examples, multiple subsidiary cords lead off from the horizontal base in vertical or oblique directions. What information is stored in a quipu? Based on historical reports, they were certainly used for administrative tracking of tributes and records of the production levels of farmers and artisans throughout the Inca empire. Some quipu may have represented maps of the pilgrimage road network known as the ceque system and/or they may have been mnemonic devices to help oral historians remember ancient legends or the genealogical relationships so important to Inca society. American anthropologist Frank Salomon has noted that the physicality of quipus seems to suggest that the medium was exceptionally strong in encoding discrete categories, hierarchy, numbers, and grouping. Whether quipus have narratives embedded in them as well, the likelihood that well ever be able to translate story-telling quipus is very small. Evidence for the Quipu Use Archaeological evidence indicates that quipus have been in use in South America at least since ~AD 770, and they continue to be used by Andean pastoralists today. The following is a brief description of evidence supporting quipu use throughout Andean history. Caral-Supe culture (possible, ca 2500 BC). The oldest possible quipu comes from the Caral-Supe civilization, a preceramic (Archaic) culture in South America made up of at least 18 villages and enormous pyramidal architecture. In 2005, researchers reported a collection of strings twisted around small sticks from a context dated to approximately 4,000-4,500 years ago. Further information has not been published to date, and the interpretation of this as a quipu is somewhat controversial.Middle Horizon Wari (AD 600-1000). The strongest evidence for the  pre-Inca use of quipu record keeping is from the Middle Horizon Wari (or Huari) empire, an early urban and perhaps state level Andean society centered at the capital city of Huari, Peru. The competing and contemporary Tiwanaku state also had a cord device called a chino, but little information is available about its technology or characteristics to date.Late Horizon Inca (1450-1532). The best-known and largest number of surviving quipus are dated to the Inca period (1450-Spanish conquest in 1532). These are known both from the archaeological record and from historical reports- hundreds are in museums around the world, with data on 450 of them residing in the Khipu Database Project at Harvard University. Quipu Usage After the Spanish Arrival At first, the Spanish encouraged the use of quipu for various colonial enterprises, from recording the amount of collected tribute to keeping track of sins in the confessional. The converted Inca peasant was supposed to bring a quipu to the priest to confess his sins and read those sins during that confession. That stopped when the priests realized that most of the people couldnt actually use a quipu in that manner: the converts had to return to the quipu specialists to obtain a quipu and a list of sins that corresponded to the knots. After that, the Spanish worked to suppress the use of the quipu. After the suppression, much Inca information was stored in written versions of the Quechua and Spanish  languages, but quipu use continued in local, intracommunity records. The historian  Garcilaso de la Vega based his reports of the downfall of the last Inca king Atahualpa on both quipu and Spanish sources. It might have been at the same time that quipu technology began to spread outside of the quipucamayocs and Inca rulers: some Andean herders today still use quipu to keep track of their llama and alpaca herds. Salomon also found that in some provinces, local governments use historical quipu as patrimonial symbols of their past, although they do not claim competence in reading them. Administrative Uses: Santa River Valley Census Archaeologists Michael Medrano and Gary Urton compared six quipus said to have been recovered from a burial in the Santa River Valley of coastal Peru, to data from a Spanish colonial administrative census conducted in 1670. Medrano and Urton found striking pattern similarities between the quipu and census, leading them to argue that they hold some of the same data. The Spanish census reported information about the Recuay Indians who lived in several settlements near what is today the town of San Pedro de Corongo. The census was split into administrative units (pachacas) which usually coincided with Incan clan group or ayllu. The census lists 132 people by name, each of whom paid taxes to the colonial government. At the end of the census, a statement said the tribute assessment was to be read out to the natives and entered into a quipu. The six quipus were in the collection of the Peruvian-Italian quipu scholar Carlos Radicati de Primeglio at the time of his death in 1990. Together the six quipus contain a total of 133 six-cord color-coded groups. Medrano and Urton suggest that each cord group represents a person on the census, containing information about each individual. What the Quipu Say The Santa River cord groups are patterned, by color banding, knot direction, and ply: and Medrano and Urton believe that it is possible that the name, moiety affiliation, ayllu, and amount of tax owed or paid by an individual taxpayer could well be stored among those different cord characteristics. They believe they have so far identified the way the moiety is coded into the cord group, as well as the amount of tribute paid or owed by each individual. Not every individual paid the same tribute. And they have identified possible ways that proper names might have been recorded as well. The implications of the research are that Medrano and Urban have identified evidence supporting the contention that quipu store a great deal of information about the rural Inca societies, including not just the amount of tribute paid, but family connections, social status, and language. Inca Quipu Characteristics Quipus made during the Inca Empire are decorated in at least 52 different colors, either as a single solid color, twisted into two-color barber poles, or as an unpatterned mottled group of colors. They have three kinds of knots, a single/overhand knot, a long knot of multiple twists of the overhand style, and an elaborate figure-of-eight knot. The knots are tied in tiered clusters, which have been identified as recording the numbers of objects in a base-10 system. German archaeologist Max Uhle interviewed a shepherd in 1894, who told him that the figure-of-eight knots on his quipu stood for 100 animals, the long knots were 10s and single overhand knots represented a single animal. Inca quipus were made from strings of spun and plied threads of cotton or camelid (alpaca and llama) wool fibers. They were typically arranged in only one organized form: primary cord and pendant. The surviving single primary cords are of widely variable length but are typically about a half centimeter (about two-tenths of an inch) in diameter. The number of pendant cords varies between two and 1,500: the average in the Harvard database is 84. In about 25 percent of the quipus, the pendant cords have subsidiary pendant cords. One sample from Chile contained six levels. Some quipus were recently found in an Inca-period archaeological site  right next to plant remains of chili peppers, black beans, and peanuts (Urton and Chu 2015). Examining the quipus, Urton and Chu think they have discovered a recurring pattern of a number- 15- that may represent the amount of tax due to the empire on each of these foodstuffs. This is the first time that archaeology has been able to explicitly connect quipus to accounting practices. Wari Quipu Characteristics American archaeologist Gary Urton (2014) collected data on 17 quipus which date to the Wari period, several of which have been radiocarbon-dated. The oldest so far is dated to cal AD 777-981, from a collection stored in the American Museum of Natural History. Wari quipus are made of cords of white cotton, which were then wrapped with elaborately dyed threads made from the wool of camelids (alpaca and llama). Knot styles found incorporated in the cords are simple overhand knots, and they are predominantly plied in a Z-twist  fashion. The Wari quipus are organized in two main formats: primary cord and pendant, and loop and branch. The primary cord of a quipu is a long horizontal cord, from which hangs a number of thinner cords. Some of those descending cords also have pendants, called subsidiary cords. The loop and branch type has an elliptical loop for a primary cord; pendant cords descend from it in series of loops and branches. Researcher Urton believes that the main organizational counting system may have been base 5 (that of the Inca quipus has been determined to be base 10) or the Wari may not have used such a representation. Sources Hyland, Sabine. Ply, Markedness, and Redundancy: New Evidence for How Andean Quipus Encoded Information. American Anthropologist 116.3 (2014): 643-48. Print.Kenney, Amanda. Encoding Authority: Navigating the Uses of Khipu in Colonial Peru. Traversea 3 (2013). Print.Medrano, Manuel, and Gary Urton. Toward the Decipherment of a Set of Mid-Colonial Khipus from the Santa Valley, Coastal Peru. Ethnohistory 65.1 (2018): 1-23. Print.Pilgaonkar, Sneha. The Khipu-Based Numeration System. ArcXiv arXiv:1405.6093 (2014). Print.Saez-Rodrà ­guez, Alberto. An Ethnomathematics Exercise for Analyzing a Khipu Sample from Pachacamac (Perà º). Revista Latinoamericana de Ethnomatemtica 5.1 (2012): 62-88. Print.Salomon, Frank. The Twisting Paths of Recall: Khipu (Andean Cord Notation) as Artifact. Writing as Material Practice: Substance, Surface and Medium. Eds. Piquette, Kathryn E. and Ruth D. Whitehouse. London: Ubiquity Press, 2013. 15-44. Print.Tun, Molly, and Miguel Angel Diaz Sotelo. Recovering An dean Historical Memory and Mathematics. Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemtica 8.1 (2015): 67-86. Print. Urton, Gary. From Middle Horizon Cord-Keeping to the Rise of Inka Khipus in the Central Andes. Antiquity 88.339 (2014): 205-21. Print.Urton, Gary, and Alejandro Chu. Accounting in the Kings Storehouse: The Inkawasi Khipu Archive. Latin American Antiquity 26.4 (2015): 512-29. Print.

Globalization Issue according toThomas L. Freidman and William J Essay

Globalization Issue according toThomas L. Freidman and William J. Duiker - Essay Example The book portrays a scenario where untimely flattening of the opponents of globalization is inevitable. William (2009:340-344) shares his sentiments in his book ’The contemporary world History’. He feels that the forces of fragmentation are too strong to allow globalization to gain a stable footing. Critical analysis of the thoughts of the two writers tempts an individual to take a position. Although William presents steep challenges to globalization, the basis of his arguments and speculation are on uncertainties. The past global trends have shown that globalization has received positive attention all over the world. Although some nations may not appear in public to support globalization, researches have shown that it remains a hot subject in their boardroom meetings. This shows that globalization is live and soon the world will be a global village. Thomas explicitly lays out the benefits of globalization. However, he does not overlook the possible challenges that glob alization might be faced with. This makes Thomas’s convictions correct, more sensible, and real in the current world. The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention which Thomas subscribes to affirms that there cannot be disagreement between countries, which share a common interest. He emphasizes that globalization is the sole solution to the most conflicts in the world. In essence, Thomas signifies that the nations that embrace globalization have reaped benefits and not enmity. Globalization is the only safe platform to enrich cultural, economic, technological, and political ties while appreciating diversity. Thomas points out that there are still impediments to globalization. He argues that overcoming anti-global forces must be at the heart of its proponents. Freidman (580-604) highlights some of the issues which include poor education systems, weak economic powers, diseases, and bad infrastructure. Compromised education system negatively affects globalization. This is evident in t he third world countries where only the privileged in society acquire quality education and skills.

Cultural Diversity and Diverse Sacred Spaces Assignment

Cultural Diversity and Diverse Sacred Spaces - Assignment Example These are all sacred places with spiritual significance to their believers, although their exact functions and related rituals somewhat vary for each religion.The Ka’ba in Mecca, the Wailing Wall, and the Bodhi Tree are the holiest sites because of what they represent to the history of these religions. The Wailing Wall, also called the Western Wall, is the holiest site for Judaism because it is the last remaining wall of the Second Temple. The First Temple refers to Solomon's Temple. This temple, however, was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The Jews rebuilt the Temple, which the Romans destroyed in 70 CE. For several centuries, the Jews went to the Wailing Wall to cry over the destruction of their Second Temple. The Ka’ba is the holiest place for Islam. It is the heart of their hajj, or spiritual pilgrimage, and is located inside the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Muslims believe in the centrality of the Ka’ba as a sacred place of their faith – it is the space inside it, rather than Mecca itself, which is seen as consecrated (Morgan, 2010). Many Muslims think that Adam had built the original Ka’ba but it then was ruined by the Great Flood (Morgan, 2010). The Bodhi Tree is also the holiest place for Buddhists because it is the tree where Buddha attained enlightenment (Harvey, 1990). The original Bodhi tree and its progeny are treated as relics because they symbolize Buddha’s enlightenment (Harvey, 1990). Enlightenment, or being awakened, is also called the wisdom of emptiness. It means that individual existence is not possible since everything is interconnected (Harvey, 1990). The importance of enlightenment to Buddhism portrays the role of the Bodhi Tree in the attainment of this process. The Ka’ba and the Bodhi Tree have mystical origins that the Wailing Wall does not possess. The Ka’ba contains the sacred black stone that Abraham and Ishmael placed there (Morgan, 2010). Pre-Islamic worship believes that the stones of the Ka’ba came from heaven (Morgan, 2010). The Bodhi Tree has miraculous qualities. It is believed to be cut before and to have grown again miraculously the next night (Harvey, 1990). The Wailing Wall does not have any mythical source because it is a man-made creation. Its importance lies in its historical and social functions. These sacred places are centers of prayer or spiritual meditation, although they also serve social purposes. The Wailing Wall enhances the attachment of the people to their Jewish history and identity. It signifies their â€Å"displaced sense of persecution and religious compensation† (Heyd, 1999, p.22). The Western Wall acts as a place of prayer and community activities. The Jews have commonly inserted prayers into the wall cracks because of the belief that they will come true. The custom of inserting written prayers into the wall is so extensive that some American-Jewish newspapers take advertisements of services of putting in s uch prayers for sick Jews. Moreover, Jewish families often gather near the wall to celebrate social events, such as their children’s bar mitzvah, which is a party for boys who turned thirteen. The Ka’ba and the Bodhi Tree are distinct places of worship. Muslims and Buddhists go to these places as part of their pilgrimage. People go there to pray, to assert their faith, and to strengthen their religious communities. Like the Wailing Wall, these sacred sites reinforce the connection between believers and their relationship to their faith. Similar rituals are conducted around the Ka’

Belle Gunness-A Female Serial Killer Research Paper

Belle Gunness-A Female Serial Killer - Research Paper Example Little is known of the early life of Gunness, and reports that do exist are conflicted. Some report that Belle Gunness was born Bella Poulsdatter in Trondhjeim, Norway (Geringer). Other reports have Belle Gunness born as Brynhild Poulsdatter Storset in Selbu, Norway (Gibson 36). Most biographers, according to author Dirk Cameron Gibson, agree that her date of birth was November 11, 1859, in or around Lake Selbu, Norway, as well as the fact that she was raised without much money (36). It is also agreed that Belle, then Bella, emigrated from Norway to the United States between 1881 and 1884 by courtesy of her elder sister, who sent her money for passage as well as offered her houseroom upon her arrival in Illinois (36). It does appear that the first few years in America were happy ones. She Americanized her name to Belle and married her first husband, Mads Sorenson, along with bearing him four children, with only two living past infancy (Jones 157). The couple owned a candy store, but the popular saying goes that â€Å"it only turned a profit after it burned to the ground† (Jones 158). In addition, two of the houses the couple owned also burned (Geringer). All carried insurance policies, which the couple collected, as the insurance companies were never able to find exactly what started the fires (Jones 158). They were also unable to prove that the fires had been started intentionally (Jones 158). Gunness once again had reason to collect insurance in 1900. Mads Sorenson suddenly died on July 30, 1900 in a â€Å"convulsive agony† (Schechter 177). When he was examined by the coroner, he was found to have an enlarged heart, which was noted as his cause of death (Jones 158). Before the cash was finished being counted into her hands, Belle took the insurance money of $8,500 and moved to La Porte, Indiana, with her three children (Geringer). Once in La Porte, it was not long before love, or at least another husband, found

Child Protection Enquiry UK | Policy and History

Child Protection Enquiry UK | Policy and History The purpose of the essay is to discuss and explain the child protection enquiry, its process, purpose legislation and critical issues. An accompanying leaflet has been designed to highlight the Child Protection enquiry taking into account age, diversity, oppression and anti-discriminatory practices incorporated. The age group focused on the leaflet is Young Persons aged 11-19. In addition, a commentary to justify the rationale for the design, content and structure will be carried out. Finally, an evaluation of how the issues discussed in the leaflet and essay have contributed to learning and relevance to future practice. The focus of the new millennium according to DfES (2005) is safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the child which by definition is the process of protecting children from abuse or neglect, preventing impairment of their health and development, and ensuring they are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care which is undertaken so as to enable children to have optimum life chances and enter adulthood successfully (DfES 2005a, p11). Wilson and James (2007) citing Working together to safeguard children (HM Government 2005a p 19 Para. 1.19) define child protection as the activity which is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering or at risk of suffering significant harm. In her view Gil (1970) considers that Child abuse consists of anything which individuals, institutions or processes do or fail to do which directly harms children or damages their prospects of safe, healthy development into adulthood. This definition was adapted by the National Commission of Inquiry into the Prevention of Child Abuse. Bentovim (1998) sustain that there is strong association between significant harm and insecure attachments, citing Carlson et al (1989) who found out that more than 80% of significantly harmed infants had disorganised attachments compared to less than 20% in a non maltreated comparison group. Jones et al 1999 further supports that all disturbances in case of child maltreatment are linked to the relationship with parents own experiences. Attachment difficulties are associated with parental childhood experiences of Abuse and Deprivation, Parental Personality Difficulties as well as Functional Illnesses such as Depression. It is important to identify parent child attachment difficulties to make sound intervention where there is evidence in literature that persisting Parent/ Child attachment combined with evidence of psychological maltreatment on follow up is a consistent finding. Additionally Wilczynski (1997) cited in Wilson and James (2007) ascertain that the most consequence of child maltreatment is death which indicates the necessity for early intervention to prevent the deaths of young children. It was estimated in 2003 that in the UK that the occurance of maltreatment leading to death is nine per 1 million children and as high as 24 per 1 million in USA. UNICEF (2003). The main perpetrators in most cases it was revealed were biological parents and the most affected age group was children under five years particularly babies under one year, (Brown and Lynch (1995), UNICEF (2003). This suggested that there is need to predict , prevent and protect children from birth, Axford and Bullock (2005) and the Assessment of children and families (DOH et al 2000, Brown et al 2006). As a necessity to prevent deaths and severe consequences intervention should take into account the family structure and normally comes in after a fatal consequence or maltreatment has alr eady occurred. Protective factors need to be put in place as a deterent to raising family standards, resilience to social and environmental stress Brown and Herbert (1997). Essentially it is through assessment that the needs of such children are identified that the needs of such children are identified as the starting point of intervention. Assessment as defined by Wilson and James (2007) is identifying the needs of children at risk of encountering significant harm so as to put in place safeguarding measures that will promote their welfare and wellbeing. Reder et al (1993), Munro (1999) and Buckley (2003) cited in Howarth (2005b) observed that in cases of maltreatment effective assessment is essential as the basis to inform meaningful planning/ intervention which will promote better outcomes for children and families. This depends on professional knowledge, skills and ability to engage in multi-disciplinary team work, the child and the family to identify family needs. Additionally practitioners need to be aware of challenges and factors that can distort assessment such as perception of abuse, their values and beliefs and the application of theory to pra ctice. Parton (1991) cited in Scourfield (2003) argue that one of the most contested social issue is child protection. The main reason being that the state is seen to intervene with families so as to protect vulnerable children, at the same time giving respect to the family unit structure. This has raised public scrutiny with concerns that the state has not intervened enough to protect children or social workers have been accused to negligent and not having identified significant harm. On the other hand they are accused to have intervened too much and unnecessarily impacting on families. Typical examples highlighting the controversy are (the inquiries into the deaths of Jasmine Beckford, Kimberly carlile, Ricky Nearve, Victoria Climbe and baby P. On the other hand too much intervention was cited in child abuse investigations in Cleveland 1987, Pooch dale and Orkney) just to name a few Scourfield (2003). These contradictions and dilemmas are believed to originate from the increasing recognition that child abuse is socially constructed. This is dependent on different commentators perspectives of abuse and harm. Obviously this perspective will raise the argument whether the intervention to be carried is supportive or authoritative and reactive. Munro (2002) believes abuse is ways of treating a child in a harmful and morally wrong manner that impacts on their socio-psycho wellbeing. In trying to define abuse variations from different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds/values is to be considered. However article 19 of the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) agreed on an International formulation to condemn child abuse. This defined abuse as all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse. Furthermore it is important to acknowledge the British national commissi on of inquiry into the prevention of child abuse which broadened its scope outside the family. They hold that child abuse consists of anything which individuals, institutions, or processes to or fail to do which directly or indirectly harms children or damages their prospects of safe and healthy development into adulthood National Commission, (1996:2). All the above definitions mention harm as a result of actions, omissions or exploitation. As mentioned earlier individual societies in conjunction with their legal systems supply more detailed definitions and guidelines. The UK society through the department of health and social security 1988 categorised the following specifications as guidelines and standards. These are physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. Explain these or not see word count? Munro (2002). The Children Act (1989) was set up as a measure to encourage partnership working between families and the state. It also encouraged the provision of family support to reduce the risk of severe consequences resulting in coercive state intervention. Prevention was expanded from simply to prevent children coming into care but to focus on providing services that helped and promoted families to up bring their children within their families Munro (2007). According to the Act family preservation is paramount and fundamental as well as partnership working with parents. Nevertheless it is not always the case that some parents who are neglectful and abusive sometimes see or have no capacity to constructively and systematically engage with social service intervention which try to help them. Some it is suggested become hostile, aggressive and abusive clearly not entertaining any advise or any interference with their family life. With such a contest going on the child will continue to be affected and further significant harm may occur during this contest. As said earlier social workers need to be aware of such parents and situations and act accordingly in this case in the best interest of the child who will be the focal point Bell and Wilson (2003). In the early 1990s a number of cases involving organised and institutional abuse were revealed which were outside the family context. The most prominent one being the Orkney incident in which children were taken into care following allegations of organised sexual abuse. The court hearing dismissed the case after five weeks leading the children to be returned home. Media coverage concluded injustice on caring parents fighting injustice inflicted by intolerant inconsistent social workers. This enquiry led to the selling up of regulations and procedures for dealing with organised abuse Bell (1999). Messages from research (1995) published and summarised the functioning of the child welfare system. It revealed cumulative effect of adverse publicity and policy changes that pinpointed professionals especially social workers as prioritising abuse concerns over other types of referrals. There was a division between child protection and child abuse and revealed an emphasis on tackling immediat e risks to the child and ignoring the wider social and psychological needs. There was a call to refocus of child protection in a holistic child in need context not just protection from abuse. Messages from Research (1995). (Bell 1999, Thoburn, Lewis and Shemmings 1995) revealed that the emotional impact of investigation on families whether guilty or innocent is traumatic and intrusive. Professionals need to be aware of this impact on families and seek to minimise it. The death of Victoria Climbe was a shocking event that revealed abuse and inconsistencies within professionals who had seen her. A public inquiry led by Lord Lamming (2003) also revealed that the voice of the child was ignored despite so many professionals being involved. Laming Report (2003). Gough (1997) assets that research revealed that not too often children are ignored as a active participants either as a source of knowledge/ information about their family situation/ circumstances or a reliable source of opinion on what needs to be done. Laming Report (2003). Contrary to this shortcoming one of the Childrens Act 1989 is to respect the childrens views and wishes about key decisions affecting their lives. The Act guarantees that childrens wishes and feelings must be taken into account in any matter that affects or involve them be it in court hearings, reviews and conferences. This also applies to Looked after children by local authorities, they have greater rights and voice on th e quality and care they receive. Coby (2006) The death of Victoria Climbe prompted the safeguarding agenda and policy Every Child Matters: Change for the Children Treasury (2003). The agenda proposed a radical transformation of both the organisation and culture of practice from a reactive service for a few to a more pro-active approach where all childrens needs are identified addressed at grass roots level before escalating to major serious problems. Innovative ideas such as the integrated childrens services would be essential tools. The every child matters agenda highlighted 5 outcomes for children i.e. are healthy, staying safe, enjoy contribution, and achieve economic wellbeing. Every Child Matters (2003). Working together to safeguard children DFES (2006b) highlighted the new arrangements to be implemented by different agencies to promote inter-agency co-operation to safeguarding and respond to the concerns that a child might be at risk of significant harm. The child protection policy and practice begins when a concern has been raised that a child may be at risk of abuse through neglect, physical, emotional, sexual harm. A number of sources could raise such a concern ranging from NSPCC, police, social services, a parent, neighbours, health worker, or nurse or teacher from school/nursery. It might be the case that some concerns are made anonymously or malicious. At times some anonymous concerns turn out to be true and this call that they are treated seriously. As soon as any concern is raised Social services will act as soon as possible Buckley (2003). The first response at the early stage is to make enquiries about the family concerned with other agencies linked to it such as schools, hospitals, GP, nursery or health services by carrying out an initial assessment following LSCB procedures. Initial assessment as defined by the Framework for the Assessment of Children in need and their families (DH 2000) is a brief assessment of each chil d referred to social services with a request for services to be provided. If the core assessment concludes that a child is in need of further support they will be classified as a child in need as defined by Section 17 of the Childrens Act 1989. The section mentions that it is the duty of the local authority to provide services to safeguard and promote the childs welfare and needs. If no harm is suffered the case is closed. If need be that the child needs to be seen by a S/W or police this is usually done within 24 hours after the allegation has been reported. When these initial enquiries are complete a decision is made as to whether there is need to pursue the matter or no further action required it is the duty of social workers to inform parents of any developments as soon as possible. Information such as the source of the allegation will be given to parents as long as it does not put the investigation into jeopardy or put anyone at risk. If for instance the allegation came from an institutional source like nursery, hospital or school it will be revealed . Members of the public names or identities are not revealed. During questioning or inquiries if it becomes necessary to ask a child/ the victim parents may be allowed to be present or may not be allowed if they are the perpetrators mainly or for any other reason. Depending on circumstances, Social Worker will work with both parents and child but in the best interest of the child. This is the time when parents can explain their views, concerns and what actions to be taken to address the concerns. Parents are also interviewed with their language if they dont speak English an interpreter will be available by social worker. If the need be the child may be seen by a doctor or paediatrician to ascertain what happened, treat the injuries or to seek clarity on injuries. Parents need to give permission for this if they refuse a court order will be sought for permission to have a medical examination. If a parent does not agree with proceedings they may seek legal advice. If a child is old enough to understand they may agree to be examined themselves if it is proved that they are old enough to, make such a judgement. All this is dependent on how well a child understands what is happening Merrick (1996). The medical examination is dependent on the nature of alleged abuse. It is important for the doctor to have a full understanding of the childs health and development. The examination forms part of the enquiry process as it is a way of gathering evidence and preserve any evidence to understand the abuse. The examination will reassure the parent and child that they will recover. The child may have preferences of who conducts the exam and who should be present. Social worker will also accompany or be present. If the results of the examination convince social workers that injuries were accidental not abuse no further action is taken. If the results conclude that there is likely to be significant harm or abuse further enquiries will be carried out. This may also involve enquiries regarding other family members so as to ensure that no harm has happened to them. A video recording interview may follow conducted by Social Worker and police if maybe they want to sue. This will also help if pol ice want to pursue criminal proceedings. This is done by trained officers who specialise in these procedures. It may be the case that the police need to remove the child from parents care to safeguard their protection and welfare. All necessary arrangements will be made in line with the intention of keeping the child within their family. If necessary Social Services may call a child protection conference if there is evidence of significant harm. Parents are invited and all the professionals involved with the child as well. These include social workers, police officers, doctors and other people interested in the welfare of the child. If the child is classified as having suffered or at risk of significant harm a strategy discussion meeting is pursued. A meeting consisting of all professionals from relevant agencies will meet to decide whether to proceed with a section 47 inquiry under the Children Act 1989. Under section 47 the Local Authority will investigate the case of a child in their area. Serious case review is conducted by the Local Safeguarding Children Board when a child dies or seriously injured, abused or neglected. This is an inter agency forum set up by Local Authorities to define and agree how best professional groups co-operate to safeguard children and also to ensure good outcomes for children are in place and achieved . Working Together to Safeguard Children Guidance (2010) Buckley (2003) identifies Child protection conference as a meeting arranged by social services if people are worried about a childs Safety. Child Protection Conference is carried out to decide whether a child is still at risk of continuous significant harm. The purpose of child protection conference is to bring under one roof all concerned and interested parties who are key to the welfare /wellbeing of the child. These include care professionals, medical professionals, lawyers, police, teachers and nursery practitioners. An independent child protection advisor chairs the conference and will meet the parents before the conference to explain all procedures and objectives of the meeting. Previously it was observed before the conference was introduced that the Child Protection system was regarded as inefficient and lacking since all stakeholders were not united and did not communicate effectively amongst themselves exposing a child to further harm and creating opportunity for further har m by not addressing potential risks or communicating concerns. All professionals who attend the conference are required to evaluate the welfare of the child, determine if there is potential danger and decide whether to put the child on the protection register. Care professionals will also decide course of action, such as upholding legal proceedings or criminal investigation if a decision to put the child on the protection register. A child protection plan is designed to control future proceedings regarding safety/welfare of child. The plan will highlight roles within the inter agency and enhance productive communication between individual agencies. After three months a further meeting is held to review and monitor progress. Every six months review child protection conferences are carried out. If any concerns or any of the elements in the plan are not working well they can be altered. There will also be discussion on every conference whether your child needs to remain on the Child Pr otection register. Access to file, confidentiality and complaints procedures will be adhered to. A number of legislation is relevant to the Child Protection agenda. The Childrens Act 1989 believes Children are generally best looked after within the family, with both parents playing a full and without resorting to legal proceedings. The welfare of the child is significant and their wishes should be taken into account seriously. The act seeks where possible to protect children within their families. A number of provisions were designed to improve the family and home environment to protect children. Inter communication between multi disciplinary agencies was encouraged to indentify/ address risks to a child/children so as to safeguard and protect children. Sections 17. 27 and 47 (cite) the Childrens Act 2004 highlights the need for increased accountability, integrated planning, multi- disciplinary planning and delivery of services and above all providing for children with special needs. The Human Rights Act 1998 embraces the European Convention on human Rights into UK law. Although it does not specifically mention children because they are treated as persons in the eyes of the law just as adults. The adoption and Childrens Act 2002 amends the Childrens Act 1989 by recognising the definition of harm to include witnessing domestic violence. Following Victoria Climbes death at the age of eight Lord Laming was asked to conduct an inquiry to establish whether a new legislation was needed or any other recommendations to improve the Child Protection in England. As a response keeping child safe report (Dfes 2003) and the Every Child Matters Green Paper DEFS (2003) which later became Childrens Act (2004). The Childrens Act (2004) does not add/ subtract anything from Childerens Act 1989 instead it sets out an approach to integrate services to children so that every child matters meets the five outcomes: being safe, healthy, achieve, enjoy, make a positive contribution and achieve economic wellbeing. The Childrens Act further places a duty to Local Authorities to appoint childrens Commissioner for England who is accountable for the delivery of service. Local authorities and their partners (police, health services and the youth justice system) have a duty to co-operate in promoting the wellbeing of children and young people and to make necessary arrangements to promote childrens welfare and wellbeing. As required in the lay out working together to safeguard children statutory guidance, non statutory ( area in protecting committees are replaced by the new local safeguarding children bears. They are trusted with further functions of reviewing and investigating (section 14) which they use to review all child deaths in their area. It also revises legislation regarding physical punishment by making it an offence to hit a child to an extent of causing mental harm on the skin (section 58) which repeats the defence provided to parents on reasonable chastisement of the children and Young P ersons Act 1993. The 2006 Children and Adoption Act enforces contact / contact orders when separated parents are in dispute giving more flexible powers to facilitate contact. As recommended in the Care Matters White Paper (Dfes 2007) the children and Young Persons Act is expected to give and provide high quality care and services for children in care and places a duty on registrars to notify local safeguarding board on all deaths Daniel and Ivatts (1998). The Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009 requires UK Border Agency to recognise and promote safedguarding childrens welfare section 55 in line with other public organisations that have contact with children. The apprenticeships,skills, children and Leaarning Act 2009 requires two local lay community members sitting on each local safeguarding children board. Some of the provisions in the Act have been targeted for repealing by the coalition government including the duty on schools to promote the wellbeing of children and the requirement to set up childrens trust and draw up children and Young Peoples plans (Dfe 2010) There is also legislation that has been set up to protect children by monitoring adults who pose a risk,creating offences which they can be charged and stopping them from working with children. These are the sex offenders Act 1997, Sexual Offences Act 2003, Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, Domestic Violence , Crime and Victims Act 2004 guidance on offences against children,the serious organisational crime and police Act 2005, the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 after the death of Holly and Jessica. The forced marriages Act Civil Protection 2007 and the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. Out of all the legislation it is important to mention that they do not cover the minimum age at which a child may be left alone and how old a baby sitter should be. Having explored the child protection system and legislation it is important to address one of the critical debates in the topic which is: Does child protection work in all communities especially the ethnic minority and disabled groups? Most recent research carried out has revealed so far some of the issues which are far reaching as shortcomings. It has been suggested that new research shold explore the family structures and values on how different ethnic minority groups slip into situations requiring child protection. Highly focused studies are neede to focus and understand how some practices and beliefs in specific minority groups such as genital mutilation or the racial abuses of mixed heritage children brought up in white families. Qualitative studies into attitudes towards sexuality in different cultural and faith groups. Maybe the time limits regulating initial assessment s into culturally sensitive work re impacting on complex work to be properly carried out (such as refugee fa milies) The courts , conbferences and social work practice must be aware and pay attention to the needs of ethnic minoritoies . If these are addressed then the child protection system will be ethnically tolerant and culturally competent in the best of the chid and as hood practice. Thoburn et al (2006). Disabled children are more still likely to be abused and neglected because they rely on institutions which have a history of failing over the past decades. The institutions either lack the resources, capacity and transparency in addressing abuse/neglect and also inefficient procedures to guarantee disclosure to assist disabled children to overcome the communication barrier especially on abuse. Worse still there is more vulnerability to children whose parents are disabled. There is more likelihood of them being taken into care on the grounds of neglect than those children whose parents are not disabled. Organisations and local authorities need more structures in place and transparency to help vulnerable children and families to be able to communicate and express their worries, fears and anxieties Corby (2006). LEAFLET COMMENTARY 500 WORDS NEGLECT AND EMOTIONAL ABUSE. WHY THIS AREA? It has been a neglected area since the death of Maria Colwell Professionals focused on physical and sexual abuse. This meant the neglect and emotionally abused children and their families were not adequately represented thus getting limited resources and being filtered out of the Child protection system. When the Childrens Act 1989 was introduced it tried to address these issues and further went on to introduce registrations in the neglect/ emotional abuse category. This commitment is of great significance to practitioners whose objective is to tackle any form of child maltreatment as resources became available. Development of Identity as a Blogger | Proposal Development of Identity as a Blogger | Proposal Piyas Roy FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF BLOGGER AS AN IDENTITY IN BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION General Overview As first evolved, the idea of being a blogger, always been counted as someone being technologically advanced, as long as a socially aware person with a good knowledge on contemporary reality with a good sense of expression through different forms of text. The identity of a blogger in the early days was so influential that, creative thinkers having least knowledge on blogging got huge interest over it and started to introduce themselves as a blogger, instead of just a creative fellow or a writer or anything else. But a single incident took place in the year of 2013 has drastically changed the scenario. Peoples of Bangladesh, where the country’s population is Muslim majority, started treating the bloggers in a generalized way as Islam hater atheists in general. Not only the disparity in ideology, but the situation turned so awful that holding the religious agenda, incidences like assassination of bloggers started taking place in the history of Bangladesh. In this study, I will t ry to find the formation and reformation of blogger, as an identity in Bangladesh thorough its impact on socio-religious ideology and how the ideology of freethinker bloggers get perceived by the members of different stakeholders. Background of the Study Being introduced in the year or 1996, the initial use of VSAT and dial-up based internet brought first change in Bangladeshi computing with the world wide web while the cyber space gathering was mostly based on yahoo groups (Sabir, 2015). On the other hand Justin Hall’s created the first ever blog in the internet history opened a new dimension which has been categorized and titled by Weblog by online diarist Jorn Barger in December 1997. As the technology got improved Blogger introduced the first ever free blogging platform in August 1999 which was a revolution for the blogger community, though that blogging was in an individualistic manner for each blogger to writing blog post separately onto their own platform (Thompson, 2006). For Bangladeshi bloggers the first revolutionary attempt was somewhereinblog.net which started the community Bengali blogging platform from 15 December of 2005. Bloggers of which platform later on diversified in some other platforms like amarblog.com, sachalayatan.com, mukto-mona.com and so on, turning blogging as a trend for the people of new generation. The trend of blogging turned so popular that some mainstream newspapers online version and online newspapers like the Daily Prothom Alo, introduced blogging facility as a scope of citizen journalists for inviting bloggers to become voice for the voiceless citizens. The first generation bloggers have not bounded within the lines of blogs only, but also widened their blogging in social network platforms also, mostly in Facebook. In February 6 2013, The International Crimes Tribunal-2 sentenced Jamaat-e-Islami leader Abdul Quader Mollah to life in prison for his against humanity role during the liberation war of Bangladesh. To raise voice against that unfair verdict Bloggers and Activist Network initiated the protest by organizing a human chain in front of the National Museum, which ignited the huge nationalist movement of Shahbagh, demanding the death penalty of war criminals or Liberation war of 1971. When the rebellion movement was at its pick, a blogger and one of the initiator of Shahbagh movement Ahmed Rajib Haidar, was found dead by stabbing on February 15 near his house. From investigation, it was found that Rajib was threatened by some Islamic Fundamentalists for his involvement with Shahbagh movement and his online activities in against of Islamic sentiment. That particular assassination has started the series of killing in Bangladesh, targeting the bloggers and online activists. The next victim was another blogger Mamun Hossain, who has been hacked to death in Dhaka with the same acquisition of spreading hate speeches in against of Islamic religious sentiment. Another private university student and online activist Ashraful Islam also found dead in his flat in Savar, having a deep cut injury in throat. Islamic fundamentalists got accused for this case also. Some of those attacks got failed, such as in case of blogger Asif Mohiuddin, later who has to leave country and started living in United Kingdom, as provided Asylum by the government for his life threat in Bangladesh. In March 2013, in a meeting with Prime Minister’s Office Allama Muhammad Mahbub Alam, Editor of Dainik Al Ihsan accompanied with a group of Islamic fundamentalists suggested repentance (‘tauba’) for the bloggers who are accused of making offensive statements against Islam and its Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) enclosing a list of 84 bloggers acting in that objectionable norms and a request to the government to shut down all those blog sites including somewhereinblog.net, amarblog.com, mukto-mona.com, sachalayaton.com and some others which are severely used by claimed atheists for spreading anti Islamic ideology, according to their claim. It was also found that the series or killing was miraculously following that list of 84 provided by Islamist leaders. That series killing has got an update this year on February 26, by the brutal assassination of freethinker, founder for Muktomona blog and science writer Avijit Roy near Ekushey Book Fair. Avijit’s wife and another blogger Rafida Ahmed Bonya got severely wounded during that same attack after recovering has to leave country and fly back to USA alone, from where those two came to Bangladesh to visit this year’s book fair few days ago. Prime suspect Farabi Shafiur Rahman got arrested by law enforcement agencies few days later, as he was accused for threatening Avijit over social networks for last few years d ue to his pro thinking and writings. On the contrary a miscreant cyber group Ansarullah Bengali Team claims their success in murdering Blogger Avijit through their Twitter Account. Here is not the end. Till date the latest incident took place with blogger Washiqur Rahman, on March 30 in Dhaka for the same acquisition of anti Islamist writing and practicing atheism in public sphere. Analyzing the total series of killing, the acquisition comes in front referring the bloggers and online activists being atheist and anti Islamist. Basically that identity of bloggers was used as an effective weapon by the Jamaat-e-Islami to divert the attention of people from the revolutionary demand of punishing the war criminals of 1971 with maximum penalty. On the contrary either the bloggers are being threatened of killing, leaving the country for securing their life, or started leading a new life leaving the unforgotten blogger identity aside, for the sake of security. Operational Definition Blog The word blog is a shortened form of the word Weblog, which refers to some websites, easily counted as the digital version of diary, where the publisher write posts in regular basis with identical date stamps for the posts for each days separately. Though firstly blog writing was and individual task for each blogger, later on community blogging platforms like forums or community blog sites evolved with the feature of all the bloggers to gather in a single space so share their thoughts and to place opinion on each other’s ideas. Blogger In general, the people who writes blog regularly, is known as blogger. But in case of Bangladeshi people someone who has the authority to write something over cyberspace either in blogs or in social media platforms, be counted as blogger. Research Question Throughout this research, I will try to find out the possible answers for the following questions: How the identity of blogger in different blog sites is formulated in Bangladesh? How the ideological warfare between bloggers in real space has been provoked by that of the virtual space? How the ideology of blogger has been perceived by different stakeholders/groups? Research Objectives After the successful completion of this study we will be able To understand the building blocks of blogger identity in Bangladesh and its changing form as time passes due to several socio-religious factors. To know how stakeholders from different classes of the society perceive the concept of blogging and the ideology the bloggers promote. To understand the view of blogger community members regarding the current trend of blogging and online activity in Bangladesh. To have a clear scenario of blogging in Bangladesh and to assume its future trend. Rationale of the project For last two years the issue of bloggers has been emerged with high importance. In one side, group of miscreants backed by the fundamentalist are constantly threatening the bloggers to stop their activities against the religious believe. On the contrary, in spite of having the fear of death in front, the bloggers are continuing their activities using different blog sites even in Facebook as platform. To take a control over it, government introduced The Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006, having a very few impact on the bloggers activity. On the contrary the series death incidents of the bloggers turned the government’s role under fire on ensuring citizen’s life security. More specifically the after the brutal death of Avijit Roy, a Bangladeshi American blogger and write known for pioneering Bengali freethinkers has put Bangladeshi law and order system under question in the international periphery. As long as the bloggers, the involved Islamic fundamental forces can be perceived having related to the international Islamic terrorist movement, which can also be a threat to Bangladesh’s global image and its diplomatic relation with other countries. So undoubtedly the issue regarding bloggers is a highly emerged one among the contemporary Bangladeshi social issues. Significance of the Research Till date, some blogs post, articles have been worked on bloggers’ identity formation and reformation in Bangladesh, in a scattered manner in different platforms from online publications, social media to newspapers. But no academic research has been done yet on such important topic. I hope this research can focus on the subjected topic immensely to have a better idea about the bloggers identity issues along with the ideological warfare of virtual world, impacting on the rage of fundamentalist in against of blogger community as a whole. Scopes and Limitations General purpose To determine the way how different stakeholders perceive the identity of a blogger, how that identity can come across evolution influenced by social factors and finally how the identity of virtual space can impact in real world. Subject matter Blogger identity, ideological clash with fundamentalism and its acceptance and denial in different categories of stakeholders in the society. Limitation of study This research will focus on the identity formation of only the Bangladeshi bloggers. Bloggers from other countries will not be accountable in this research. Also in different social issues bloggers often got involved in creating public opinion and awareness, even getting opposing with the governmental or any other influential forces. But all the ideological conflict issue will not be covered in this research. Instead of only bloggers ideological clash with the fundamentalist Islamic force, their ideological warfare will be counted as the matter to discuss about throughout this research work. Population or universe Bloggers and online activists playing the role of acting force of fundamentalist movement, Stakeholders from different phase of society. Locale of the study Bloggers and associated different stakeholders originated in Bangladesh. Period of the study: From the historical point from where journey of community blogging started its journey to 2016. Bibliography Sabir, S. A. (2015, February 04). History Evolution of Bangladesh Internet. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from Bangladesh Network Operators Group: http://www.bdnog.org/v2/conference_paper/Bangaldesh-Internet.pdf Thompson, C. (2006, February 20). The Early Years: A Timeline of How Blogging All Began. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from NYMag: http://nymag.com/news/media/15971/