Friday, May 8, 2020
Essay Topics For College Writing - Getting Your Essay Idea Going
Essay Topics For College Writing - Getting Your Essay Idea GoingWhat are the essay topics for college writing? Essay topics are the things you will be researching and thinking about when you write your own essay. You have to do it right, or you'll go home without a diploma.Even though you may feel there are no special items to write about, it is very possible that you will find something that is absolutely perfect for your topic. When this happens, you have to use the power of essay writing to get it into your head. Then, you can figure out what to do with it once you've thought about it. Writing is an art form.Essay topics for college writing can come from anything. I know I used to have to try to find some kind of paper to write about, but that's only because I couldn't get anything. I had to get creative. There are many sites and blogs on the Internet that have topics for college writing, and if you're using those as examples, you'll find that they are great and very helpful.The m ain thing to remember is that essay topics for college writing can come from any and everyplace. If you want, you can create a story about something and have to use your essay to find the events that lead up to it. It's okay to jump around, but keep in mind that the purpose of your essay is to get information, and to write about this information in the most effective way possible.Take for example, if you know someone who is suffering from trauma in their past, there is something you can do to help them find some hope and solace. You can look at them from an objective point of view and see what they are going through, and how they react to it. This can help them move forward.Maybe you can find some information about various religious figures, or people, and think about how they fit in your life. You can even go on to think about how those people affected you, whether it was good or bad. This is another thing you can do to get great ideas for essay topics for college writing.College w riting can be more complicated than it sounds, because it is not limited to one format. You can do it as a pamphlet, or as a newsletter, or even a blog. If you are just starting out, and you have never done any kind of essay before, this is a great way to begin.You can get some great topics for essay writing, and if you think you can manage the effort, you can probably write a few good essays. It is important that you do it well, and that you don't forget about your topic.
Plastic Surgery Topics Essay - How to Write One That Suits Your Purpose
Plastic Surgery Topics Essay - How to Write One That Suits Your PurposeWriting an essay about plastic surgery is no easy task. If you are interested in becoming a plastic surgeon, you will need to focus on the right topics that will help you in your career as a plastic surgeon.You can start your topics on medical research, which includes what the medical industry is today, what is the health care system like now and what plastic surgery is all about. This topic will make it easier for you to talk about the things that you have to do and the challenges that you may face. Medical research is very important because of the huge amount of research that is done by doctors every day.The next topic should be on the doctor's services and how you can provide them better service. Many people find it hard to be a doctor and are not able to provide quality service to their patients. They simply do not want to go through the pain and stress that come with working as a doctor.The next topic should be on implants and what they are all about. What type of implants are used and how do they work? This is an important topic for you to know.The third topic should be on surgeries and how you can go about making the surgery go more smoothly. Many people find it difficult to operate on people and have to constantly worry about the operation. These topics will help you in making the surgery goes smoothly and in making sure that it is a successful operation.The last topic should be on mortality statistics. What exactly do these statistics look like and how does it affect your career. This is the last topic you should write on.These are some of the topics that you should include in your plastic surgery topics essay. These topics should be informative, easy to understand and should be able to describe what it is that you have to do in order to become a surgeon.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Motivation for the American Dream in Of Mice and Men, by...
Motivation is the will to do something. Life has many different levels of motivation; achieving something, attempting to achieve something, and not trying it achieve something. Motivation can be applied to the American Dream. In the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, the levels of motivation are clearly evident, this affects the process of how the characters achieve their dreams. Of Mice and Men is a story of two migrant workers, how they deal with their American Dream, and the troubles of working on a ranch during The Great Depression. The Characters of Of Mice and Men are going through these levels of motivation and achievement. Through the Characters George and Lennie, Curleyââ¬â¢s Wife, and Crooks the stable buck, Steinbeckâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Both Lennie and George have motivation to achieve their american Dream, Lennie for the rabbits, and George so he can finally relax. Curleyââ¬â¢s wife exhibits the least motivation to achieve her American Dream, because of her current situation, that she has placed herself in. Curleyââ¬â¢s wife who rarely lets her outside the house. He absolutely wonââ¬â¢t let her become an actress, and nor would her mother. Curleyââ¬â¢s wife wanted to become an actress but couldnââ¬â¢t, ââ¬Å" So I married Curley [. . .] Well I ainââ¬â¢t told this to nobody before well maybe I oughtnââ¬â¢t too. I donââ¬â¢t like Curley.â⬠(89). Why would you marry someone you donââ¬â¢t even like, let alone love? Curleyââ¬â¢s wife had to have known Curley was controlling before she married him. She did nothing to achieve her dream, nothing. Curleyââ¬â¢s wifeââ¬â¢s motivation didnââ¬â¢t exist when it came to her American Dream. Curleyââ¬â¢s wifeââ¬â¢s American Dream was just a dream. She had setback after setback including this one: ââ¬Å"and he shook her, and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still for Lennie had broken her neck.â⬠(91). All of Curleyââ¬â¢s wife wanted was to be an actress, to have people take her pictures, to be free, and to have the attention she was deprived of. She had at least a sliver of a chance when she was alive to achieve her dreams, but now that she is dead she absolutely wonââ¬â¢t. Curleyââ¬â¢s wifeShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream767 Words à |à 4 PagesThe American dream is defined as the idea that every American should have an equal opportunity to achieve their goal in life through hard work, determination, and initiative. The novel ââ¬Å"Of Mice and Menâ⬠by John Steinbeck explores this idea throughout his story. Through the characters in the story, it shows the many different hardships of each character trying to pursue their dream. John Steinbeck believes that the American Dream is a goal that every American has in life, but it is impossible to achieveRead MoreThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men761 Words à |à 4 PagesIn Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, he uses George a nd Lennie, Crooks, and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife to demonstrate the American Dream. This is unattainable but is their motivation to carry on their daily on the ranch lives. George and Lennieââ¬â¢s actions revolve around their American Dream. In a conversation between George and Lennie they discuss their dream, George states ââ¬Å"... Weââ¬â¢re gonna get the jack together and weââ¬â¢re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres, anââ¬â¢ a cow and some pigsâ⬠(Steinbeck, 14)Read MoreCharacter Review of Of Mice and Men Essay1166 Words à |à 5 PagesCharacter Review of Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a novel set on a ranch in the Salinas Valley in California during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The title of the book is a reference to Robert Burnss poem To a Mouse. (1759 - 96): The best laid schemes o mice and men Gang aft agley [often go wrong] And leave us nought but grief and pain For promised joy! In the book, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created memorable characters that play out two dramatically realistic,Read MoreThe Evolution And Purpose Of The American Dream1741 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Evolution and Purpose of the American Dream Across the economically, ethnically, and socially diverse United States, millions of unlike Americans share the same desire to overcome the vast array of obstacles the modern day era presents in the hopes of becoming the ideal member of society. Looking back at multiple generations, evidence of this drive to succeed can be found in the roots of societyââ¬â¢s progression. This omnipresent goal that motivates the population to build sustainable lives hasRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men864 Words à |à 4 Pages(Chuck Palahniuk). In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck suggest that the pursuit of happiness demon straight the inevitable failure of the American Dream. The migrant workers get oppress through physiological means. The migratory workers and lot of lowers class people have predatory nature against each other. They simulate them self to feel less of a human using verbal abuse. This class of people use this method to robust there confidence. The Steinbeckââ¬â¢s Novell a Of Mice and Men is experience threw twoRead MoreOf Mice and Men, American Beauty Essay examples1159 Words à |à 5 PagesThrough the comparative study of ââ¬Å"Of Mice and Menâ⬠written by John Steinbeck in 1937 and ââ¬Å"American Beautyâ⬠directed by Sam Mendes in 1999, it is apparent that the concept of the American Dream is timeless and enduring. Mendes and Steinbeck use language techniques such as dramatic foreshadowing and filmic techniques to define the American Dreamââ¬â¢s spiritual and materialistic aspects. However, from the context of the Great Depression explored in ââ¬Å"Of Mice and Menâ⬠to the economic boom of 1999 which providesRead MoreAllegories in of Mice and Men1686 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the novel, ââ¬ËOf mice and Menââ¬â¢, John Steinbeck uses allegory to represent different themes and messages. An allegory is a story, poem or a picture which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. While reading Steinbeckââ¬â¢s book I not iced different metaphors such as the usage of animals and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife. Throughout the whole book the reader can notice many animals mentioned such as rabbits, mice, the puppy and the old dog. Curleyââ¬â¢s wife is also a sort of symbol. She represents the way in whichRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1498 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Of Mice and Menâ⬠is a short story written by John Steinbeck. In ââ¬Å"Of Mice of Menâ⬠, George and Lennie, the main characters, are forced to run away from Weed after Lennie gets in a mix up with a girl and is accused of rape. They end up getting a new job in Soledad to work on a ranch. While there as ranch hands and migrant workers, George and Lennie form good relationships with some, but bad relationships with others. Lennie has tons of physical strength stored deep inside of him that he doesnââ¬â¢t fullyRead More Life Of John Steinbeck Essays1314 Words à |à 6 Pages John Steinbeck was a writer who used naturalism in his works to to bring awareness about problems in society that he dealt with in his own life. He frequently dealt with the economic and social problems of migrant workers in California and how they dealt with everyday life. He wrote through his fiction about what he knew and what affected him personally. Specifically, he wrote a novella entitled, Of Mice and Men, about two California migrant workers, George Milton and Lennie Small, who are tryingRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words à |à 9 PagesGreat Depression affected many Americans throughout the 1930s. Many people had no source of income and had no other choice but to travel and find new jobs. In John Steinbeckââ¬â¢s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on ââ¬Å"the fatta the lanââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Steinbeck 14). George and Lennieââ¬â¢s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability
Accounting Information System Free Essays
Here is a proposal for implementation of the plan for school payment to keep the student in school. The students shall be compensated on a monthly basis. They shall be paid 20% every month on successful attendance to the classes and a fine of 5% for failure to attend classes for any given day (Unless authorized by the school principal, for whom it shall not be for indiscipline case(s)). We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The next 40% of the money shall be paid at the end of every academic year. This is to facilitate the studentsââ¬â¢ upkeep while out of school as they go on with their research work during the summer holidays. The remaining amount shall be cumulatively paid upon successful completion of the course during the graduation ceremony. This will be a big boost to the students as the total amount will give the student a better start to either start their own jobs or use it to look for employment. The payment shall be authorized by the principal upon confirmation from the class teacher of the attendance of the students. This is better done in public so that all those who do not attend school be ashamed of their acts. The payment shall however be effected by the school Bursar. The monthly payments shall be done by cash while the annual and terminal payments shall be effected by check only. Q3.) I strongly disagree. The cost of employee hiring and training can never be equated to the expected term of service. This is because, the training that the employee undergoes will later be subtracted from the salary and hence there is no sense in it being that it has to be amortized. Some companies use that line of though to harass their employees and to silence them anytime they bring their grievances. Training is good both for the individual as well as the organization but amortization is going way overboard (Romney Steinbart, 2008). How to cite Accounting Information System, Papers Accounting Information System Free Essays Accounting Information System (AIS Anà accounting information systemà (AIS) is a system of collection, storage and processing of financial andà accounting à data that is used byà decision makers. accounting information system (AIS) consists of: ââ¬â People ââ¬â Procedures ââ¬â Data ââ¬â Software ââ¬â Information technology infrastructure What important functions does the AIS perform in an organization? 1. It collects and stores data about activities and transactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. It processes data into information that is useful for making decisions. 3. It provides adequate controls to safe-guard the organizationââ¬â¢s assets. Uses of (AIS) * Producing External Reports * Supporting Routine Activities * Decision Support * Planning and Control * Implementing Internal Control Producing External Reports Businesses use (AIS) to produce special reports that follow a required structure established by organizations such as (FASB). These reports include financial statements, tax returns, etc Supporting Routine Activities Managers need an (AIS) for handling routine operating activities during the firmââ¬â¢s operating cycle. Computer systems excel at handling repetitive transaction by many accounting software support these routine functions. Decision Support Information is needed for nonroutine decision support at all levels of an organization. Some information are critical for planning, deciding, marketing functions. Planning and Control An information system is required for planning and control activities as well. Historical data can be extracted from the database and used to forecast growth and cash flows. Planners can use data mining to reveal long-term trends and relationships. Implementing Internal Control Internal control includes the policies, procedures, and information system used to protect a companyââ¬â¢s assets from loss and to maintain accurate financial data. It is possible to build controls into a computerized accounting information system to help reach these goals. Benefits AIS * Speed The main benefit of information systems in accounting is the speed of processing tasks. Data is entered once and can then be used and reused in compiling reports by literally pressing a button. If a transaction needs correction, it is easily done, with reports generated afterward at speeds never possible with manual accounting systems. * Classification When data is entered in an accounting system, manual or computerized, an accountant needs to classify it in a detailed fashion. For example, a transaction could be a sales revenue or an interest revenue. Using information systems, this classification process is easily accomplished with a drop-down menu from which you choose the proper category. You can also quickly generate reports involving classifications. With a manual system, this process takes much more time. * Safety Once data is entered into a computer, it is safe. The chances of losing data are remote, especially when you perform regular system backups. In manual systems, paper pads can be lost or damaged more easily. You can save data on the Internet, where it will not only be accessible anytime you need it but will also still be secure even if your computer is lost or damaged. One disadvantage of Accounting Information System One disadvantage of Accounting Information System is that this system cannot identify any future loss or wrong transaction entry. As we know that computer is a machine, and it cannot do any activity itself. Therefore, computer cannot give any advice or warning. However, accountants in business are capable to estimate any future loss on the basis of their knowledge and experience. Due to this disadvantage it is important and wise for small and mid-size businesses to have some accountants in their business on permanent basis to avoid future losses. How to cite Accounting Information System, Essay examples
Friday, April 24, 2020
Surprise Under the Carpet at Northern Sigma free essay sample
Based on the information generated by the interviews with the two different groups, what have you learnt about this plant? What I have learnt about this particular plant is the fact that the workers are not in harmony with each other. They also tend to assume things as per the behaviors of the other groups for instance the white male groups tend to think that or rather assume that these women and disadvantaged groups feel that not only were they left out of important task forces but were required to be ten times better than their white counterparts in order to be promoted (Robbins, et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Surprise Under the Carpet at Northern Sigma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2011). Midrand plant employees have no communication channels whatsoever with their senior management and this is rather obvious by the reaction seen on Peter Barnes once the results of the interview have been given. 2. What may have led to these problems? There are a number of factors that may have led to the problems currently being experienced in this plant for instance lack of motivation and training especially for women and disadvantaged groups, lack of proper communication channels and directions from the top management to the workers and vice versa as well as lack of conflict management skills (Robbins, et al. 011). It is clear that conflict exists between the workers thus resulting in poor performance. And despite the fact that majority of employers are highly educated there are no programs offered for enhancement of skills for these employees which makes them stagnant in a business world that is forever changing and in need of new and unique business skills (Robbins, et al. 2011). 3. What consequences are likely to emanate from these problems? Such problems as experienced by this plant result in a number of consequences for instance not being able to keep and maintain workers. Those already experiencing conflict within this plant are pressured into quitting as revealed from the interview results with the case of women and disadvantaged groups by the white male groups (Robbins, et al. 2011). Such companies also tend not to attract potential workers and this may be harmful for the companyââ¬â¢s future success in as far as meeting its objectives is concerned. Organizational conflicts also result in low morale amongst the workers, reduced ollaboration, reduced productivity, passive or aggressive behavior and distrust (Robbins, et al. 2011). 4. Do you agree that Barnes should be responsible for these problems? Explain. I agree that Barnes should be responsible for these problems since he is the general manager having the responsibilities of not only hiring and recruiting of staff but also training process managers under him. A general manager is expected to encourage team members in their work as a way of getting the best output from them (Robbins, et al. 20 11). In this particular case, Barnes left the workers to do carry out the tasks without any particular supervision and expected results by the end of the day. He is not seen as having followed up any of his workersââ¬â¢ performance progress and that is why he is shocked at the results of the interview. An effective general manager must have leadership qualities to be able to lead and direct his workers (Robbins, et al. 2011). 5. What specific recommendations would you offer to Barnes to improve the management of diversity at the plant? As a way of improving the management of diversity at the plant, Barnes should first and foremost consider establishing a conducive working environment where all workers can work in harmony with each other without feeling discriminated or overworked (Robbins, et al. 2011). He should also create equal opportunities for both groups of workers where women and the disadvantaged groups can feel that their contributions are taken seriously in group projects. Clear communication channels should also be established in order for the workers to feel comfortable enough to open up and share their opinions, doubts or ideas regarding projects or the management of the company. This is especially so in the case of the Asian group whose members were considered difficult to understand and very secretive (Robbins, et al. 2011). In this way, Barnes will better manage this diverse workforce and experience better results the next time such an interview is conducted.
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
FDR versus Hitler essays
FDR versus Hitler essays Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler were two of the most influential leaders in modern history. They had diametrically different views on leading their respective nations, as well as what purpose their leadership would serve. Their styles as leaders shaped their views and determined what actions they would take leading up to and through out World War II. I will compare both Hitler and Roosevelt's leadership styles as they applied to World War II. Conclusively, I will show that, while they were two completely different types of leaders, they were both very effective and did what they thought would best serve their countries. In January of 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt pronounced in his address of the Four Freedoms that we, and our allies, need to free the peoples of Europe from Hitler's tyrannical rule. Roosevelt has often been criticized for not entering the war earlier and stopping the killing he knew was occurring. However, as is always the case in America, the President had pressure from all directions. As a result, Roosevelt had to give most of his assistance to the warring nations in private until America did finally enter the conflict because of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt frequently conducted radio broadcasts to inform, calm and rally the American masses. It is often mentioned that people felt in touch with Roosevelt and seemed as though he was right there in their living rooms with them. Franklin Roosevelts first inaugural speech was one of the most famous speeches in documented history. We have nothing to fear but fear itself, was very moving. He calmed the fears of millions of Americans. His charisma and keen political positioning allowed him remain out of the war until America was behind the effort. Once the effort was started every American put forth the effort he asked for to defeat the Axis powers. Roosevelt is known today as arguably one of the best p...
Sunday, March 1, 2020
Explore the Three Laws of Thermodynamics
Explore the Three Laws of Thermodynamics The branch of science calledà thermodynamics deals with systems that are able to transfer thermal energy into at least one other form of energy (mechanical, electrical, etc.) or into work. The laws of thermodynamics were developed over the years as some of the most fundamental rules which are followed when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energy change. History of Thermodynamics Theà history of thermodynamicsà begins withà Otto von Guerickeà who, in 1650, built the worlds firstà vacuum pumpà and demonstrated aà vacuumà using hisà Magdeburg hemispheres. Guericke was driven to make a vacuum to disproveà Aristotles long-held supposition that nature abhors a vacuum. Shortly after Guericke, the English physicist and chemistà Robert Boyleà had learned of Guerickes designs and, in 1656, in coordination with English scientistà Robert Hooke, built an air pump.à Using this pump, Boyle and Hooke noticed a correlation betweenà pressure,à temperature, andà volume. In time,à Boyles Lawà was formulated, which states that pressure and volume areà inversely proportional.à Consequences of the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics tend to be fairly easy to state and understand ... so much so that its easy to underestimate the impact they have. Among other things, they put constraints on how energy can be used in the universe. It would be very hard to over-emphasize how significant this concept is. The consequences of the laws of thermodynamics touch on almost every aspect of scientific inquiry in some way. Key Concepts for Understanding the Laws of Thermodynamics To understand the laws of thermodynamics, its essential to understand some other thermodynamics concepts that relate to them. Thermodynamics Overview - an overview of the basic principles of the field of thermodynamicsHeat Energy - a basic definition of heat energyTemperature - a basic definition of temperatureIntroduction to Heat Transfer - an explanation of various heat transfer methods.Thermodynamic Processes - the laws of thermodynamics mostly apply to thermodynamic processes, when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energetic transfer. Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics The study of heat as a distinct form of energy began in approximately 1798 when Sir Benjamin Thompson (also known as Count Rumford), a British military engineer, noticed that heat could be generated in proportion to the amount of work done ... a fundamental concept which would ultimately become a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics. French physicist Sadi Carnot first formulated a basic principle of thermodynamics in 1824. The principles which Carnot used to define his Carnot cycle heat engine would ultimately translate into the second law of thermodynamics by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius, who is also frequently credited with the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. Part of the reason for the rapid development of thermodynamics in the nineteenth century was the need to develop efficient steam engines during the industrial revolution. Kinetic Theory the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics do not particularly concern themselves with the specific how and why of heat transfer, which makes sense for laws that were formulated before the atomic theory was fully adopted. They deal with the sum total of energy and heat transitions within a system and do not take into account the specific nature of heat transference on the atomic or molecular level. The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics This zeroeth law is sort of transitive property of thermal equilibrium. The transitive property of mathematics says that if A B and B C, then A C. The same is true of thermodynamic systems that are inà thermal equilibrium. One consequence of the zeroeth law is the idea that measuringà temperatureà has any meaning whatsoever. In order to measure temperature,à thermal equilibriumà must beà reached between the thermometer as a whole, the mercury inside the thermometer, and the substance being measured. This, in turn, results in being able to accurately tell what the temperature of the substance is. This law was understood without being explicitly stated through much of the history of thermodynamics study, and it was only realized that it was a law in its own right at the beginning of the 20th century. It was British physicist Ralph H. Fowler who first coined the term zeroethà law, based on a belief that it was more fundamental even than the other laws. The First Law of Thermodynamics Though this may sound complex, its really a very simple idea. If you add heat to a system, there are only two things that can be done change theà internal energyà of the system or cause the system to do work (or, of course, some combination of the two). All of the heat energy must go into doing these things. Mathematical Representation of the First Law Physicists typically use uniform conventions for representing the quantities in the first law of thermodynamics. They are: U1à (orà Ui) initial internal energy at the start of the processU2à (orà Uf) final internal energy at the end of the processdelta-Uà à U2à -à U1à Change in internal energy (used in cases where the specifics of beginning and ending internal energies are irrelevant)Qà à heatà transferred into (Qà 0) or out of (Qà 0) the systemWà à workà performed by the system (Wà 0) or on the system (Wà 0). This yields a mathematical representation of the first law which proves very useful and can be rewritten in a couple of useful ways: The analysis of aà thermodynamic process, at least within a physics classroom situation, generally involves analyzing a situation where one of these quantities is either 0 or at least controllable in a reasonable manner. For example, in anà adiabatic process, the heat transfer (Q) is equal to 0 while in anà isochoric processà the work (W) is equal to 0. The First Law Conservation of Energy Theà first lawà of thermodynamics is seen by many as the foundation of the concept of conservation of energy. It basically says that the energy that goes into a system cannot be lost along the way, but has to be used to do something ... in this case, eitherà changeà internal energy or perform work. Taken in this view, the first law of thermodynamics is one of the most far-reaching scientific concepts ever discovered. The Second Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics:The second law of thermodynamics is formulated in many ways, as will be addressed shortly, but is basically a law which - unlike most other laws in physics - deals not with how to do something, but rather deals entirely with placing a restriction on what can be done. It is a law that says nature constrains us from getting certain kinds of outcomes without putting a lot of work into it, and as such is also closely tied to theà concept of the conservation of energy, much as the first law of thermodynamics is. In practical applications, this law means that anyà heat engineà or similar device basedà onà the principles of thermodynamics cannot, even in theory, be 100% efficient. This principle was first illuminated by the French physicist and engineer Sadi Carnot, as he developed hisà Carnot cycleà engine in 1824, and was later formalizedà as a law of thermodynamicsà by German physicist Rudolf Clausius. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is perhaps the most popular outside of the realm ofà physics because it is closely related to the concept ofà entropy or the disorder created during a thermodynamic process. Reformulated as a statement regarding entropy, the second law reads: In any closed system, in other words, each time a system goes through a thermodynamic process, the system can never completely return to precisely the same state it was in before. This is one definition used for theà arrow ofà time since entropy of the universe will always increase over time according to the second law of thermodynamics. Other Second Law Formulations A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transform heat extracted from a source which is at the same temperature throughout into work is impossible. - Scottish physicist William Thompson ( A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transfer heat from a body at a given temperature to a body at a higher temperature is impossible. - German physicist Rudolf Clausius All the above formulations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics are equivalent statements of the same fundamental principle. The Third Law of Thermodynamics The third law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement about the ability to create anà absoluteà temperature scale, for whichà absolute zeroà is the point at which the internal energy of a solid is precisely 0. Various sources show the following three potential formulations of theà third lawà of thermodynamics: It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.The entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to zero as the temperature approachesà absolute zero.As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant What the Third Law Means The third law means a few things, and again all of these formulations result in the same outcome depending upon how much you take into account: Formulation 3 contains the least restraints, merely stating that entropy goes to a constant. In fact, this constant is zero entropy (as stated in formulation 2). However, due to quantum constraints on any physical system, it will collapse into its lowest quantum state but never be able to perfectly reduce to 0 entropy, therefore it is impossible to reduce a physical system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps (which yields us formulation 1).
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